The Effects Of Imperialism In Europe History Essay

The Effects Of Imperialism In Europe History Essay The effects of imperialism have been subject of debate. However it has been generally agreed that imperialism had more negative than positive effects for the countries which the European imperialist lorded over. Major imperialism occurred in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Imperialism refers to a situation when a country takes control of a smaller nation for political social and economic reasons (Duignan and Gann, 69) Heart of darkness was one of the very first literally text to provide critical view of European imperial activities. Conrad decision to set the book in the Belgian colony made it easier for the British readers, also imperialist, to avoid seeing themselves reflected in the book. The book does reinforce the fact that imperialism was an insult to the subjects as well as hypocritical Just like much of modernist literature produced in the early years of twentieth century, Conrads heart of darkness is much about confusion, alienation and intense doubt as it is on imperialism. However imperialism is the main theme, and with the help of symbolism brings this out perfectly. Darkness is essentially used to refer the continent of Africa in general and Congo in particular, and it backwardness at the point in time, while light (p3), is used to refer to western civilization that they imperialist purported to bring to Africa. By late 1890s most of African continent metaphorically referred to as worlds dark places had been put under European control (Conrad, 6). Women occupy Traditional roles as arbiter of morality and domesticity (69). However they are hardly present in the story; the concepts of home and civilization merely exist as insincere ideals, meaningless to men for whom survival is in constant doubt. Kurtz who goes into Africa with the idea of civilizing and improving the Africans ends up raiding villages and letting himself be held in awe like a god(). Hence the idealistic benefits western civilization would have had on Africa were hypocritical. Conrad explores how the transformation takes place and in the process questions the role Europe played in the exploitation of Africa. Initially the European claimed that their mission was to civilize the African whose culture they found appalling as well economic empowerment through engagement in trade. This was not to be, instead. Imperialist engaged in economic exploitation of African continent and overhauled the political and social structure of the African people. It is clear that the imperialistic activities were detrimental to Africa. Conrad finds inefficiency and wastefulness at the Belgian company in Congo contrary to the initial claim of economic development that the Europeans had claimed they endeavored to bring into the African continent. He found out that they were interested economic exploitation of Africa by obtaining raw material for their home industries by force if need be. The company was the Belgian Rubber Company which king Leopard II of Belgian had formed for enabling exploitation of rubber in the Congo region. In 1884 the partitioning of African among the imperial power was completed at Berlin conference in 1884, which Conrad refers sarcastically in the heart of darkness as the international Society for the suppression of Savage customs. Leopard declared Congo Free State his property in 1892, legally allowing Belgians to take whatever amount of rubber they wished without having to engage in trade with the locals. This resulted to tension between the locals and the Belgians and the fights which ensued left many Congolese dead, given their inferior weapons. The European was stretched thin trying to administer and protect massive far-flung empires. For example Congo was under Belgian empire while East Africa and Anglophone west Africa was under British Empire. Cracks begun to appear in the imperialist system: riots, war as well as the abandonment of commercial enterprises in a wholesale fashion as a result of the indigenous people quest for self determination. The imperialist did not have any intention of developing Africa but furthering their economic interests by exploiting it. The claim that the imperialist improved infrastructure is misplaced since they were not doing it for the interest of the African but to ease exploitation of the raw materials. The construction of Kenya Ugandan railways was meant to ease the transportation of raw materials from the east African region. Colonization was a major tool of imperialism. Its greatest misdeed was that it stripped African the responsibility in conducting their our own affairs and convinced them that their civilization was nothing less than savagery as a result giving them complexes that led to their being branded as irresponsible and lacking self confidence. The negative effects of colonization and imperialism could not be expressed better that from the African themselves. They stated that they deplored the economic exploitation by the imperialist as it reduced Africa to abject poverty, in the midst of plenty. Moreover heir fundamental rights, freedom of speech, freedom of association, of movement, freedom of worship and freedom to live a full and abundant life were denied them imperialist overt activities. Imperialism led to landlessness. People were displaced from high yielding areas and the land was taken under European plantation and which they used forced labors from the Africans. African was consigned in settlers settlement where they lived in deplorable conditions as squatters. An African proverbs best portrays the effect imperialism had on the land issue by stating that when the white man came to Africa, the African had the land while the white had the bible. Soon after the Africa was left with the bible and the European took over the land (Duigan, 89). Colonial masters destroyed the harmonious existence of the African society, by creation of tribes where they did not exist. They were aware that it was easier to exploit a divided group than a united one. Preferential treatment of one tribe over the other created tribal tension that at times led conflict. The 1994 civil war in Rwanda was fought between Tutsis and Hutu tribes that had been created by the French. Tribal animosity is rampant to this day (Boahen, 750-782). Civil wars in most of the aftrican countries are largely out of ethnic animosity and whose root causes can be found in Africas colonial legacy. On the positive side of imperialism, it is noted that the western government introduced improved health care and better sanitation method, curbing premature death that resulted from lack of treatment from preventable diseases like malaria and measles. The colonial government introduced new crops, new tools and farming methods which increased food production. The changes meant reduced death to smaller colonies and overall improved states of living. In conclusion, It is hard to decipher whether the disturbance from outside have been beneficial or detrimental given Conrads somewhat implicit portrayal of imperialism in his book. Proponents of imperialism say that the effects of imperialism were positive, but evidence shows that it led to the effects that were detrimental, than they were positive. Imperialism changed the world and made it a more difficult world to live in. The portrayal of African as backward and ignorant amounted to discrimination and racism. Imposition of eastern values was also tantamount to accepting superiority of European civilization. The effects are still felt to this day. Work cited Joseph Conrad. Heart of darkness. Courier Dover Publication, 1990 Peter Duignan and L.H Gann. Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1960. CUP, Archive. A. Abu Boahen.Africa under colonial domination 1880-1935. University of California Press, 1985.

Analysis of Through the Tunnel by Doris Lessing Essay -- Through the T

Analysis of Through the Tunnel by Doris Lessing â€Å" Through The Tunnel† is written by a lady called Doris Lessing. Through the tunnel is a short story about a boy called Jerry and his mother who are on holiday in Spain. There are three themes to the story, the first is the safe beach . The second is the dangerous beach. The third is when jerry goes through the tunnel. The characters are introduced on their first day on holiday where they are going to the safe beach. It begins when they are walking to the beach and jerry stops to look at the other beach (dangerous beach), Jerry’s mother stops and looks for him and asks if he wants to go to that beach instead. Guilt gets the better of him because his dad is dead, and he dose not want to leave his mother on her own. The next day it was the same routine of going to the beach and doing swimming and sunbathing all day. His mother asks him the same question as the other day, she wants to let him go and give him some independence. She also wants him with her to make sure he is ok when he is swimming. She was having an inner conflict at this point. Inner conflicts are going on between both characters. As they both carry on walking Jerry blurts out: â€Å"I’d like to go and have a look at those rocks over there† The writer makes Jerry say this because in this story Jerry wants to be more mature like an adult than immature like a kid. When she left him to go his own ways, Jerry had some more guilt going through his head. When his mum left him she felt insecure about letting him go his own ways. â€Å"once Jerry got to the other beach, he went straight to the sea for a swim. The sea was warm from the heat of the sun, but when the currents of the deep sea came in, it w... ...e he goes under water for a long time his nose starts to bleed. He can hold his breath for one hundred and sixty seconds and when he keeps on practicing he can hold it for two minutes. This is the amount of time he needs to go through the tunnel. when he finds out that he is going home in a couple of days he decides to do it the day before he goes home. The time comes for him to do the challenge he goes to the bay and dives in. when he is going to the tunnel lots of thoughts are going through his head whether he is going to die or not and whether he will see his mother again. Once he gets to the tunnel he starts to go through the tunnel it gets thinner and thinner, and he starts to wonder if he will make it. Jerry makes it through and he is so delighted because he thinks he is mature now, but really he is just the same person as before the challenge.

90s vs. 2000s

1990’s versus 2000’s In the U. S. The 1990’s was an era when people actually communicated, gas was cheap, and people didn’t have to worry as much about terrorism and could find things to keep them entertained. The 2000’s is now an era where everything costs a lot of money, people have out of control kids, technology is very advanced and people rely on it to get them through the day. Both decades have their own positives and negatives, but they are different in a lot of ways; like technology, social, music, and their economy differences.Both decades are different in that the 1990’s had less technology, kids were well behaved and it was a more peaceful time; the 2000’s now have all kinds of technology, everyone has to have the newest phone or computer, a lot of kids are brats who want the newest video games and there’s a lot of security at places like airports because of so many terrorist attacks. The technology difference from bo th decades is huge, because all there was back then was vhs, cassette, and standard cable with 50 channels or so, a couple different types of cellular phones, dial up computers and so on.With technology today, everyone has a cell phone, most people have some type of computer or lap top, there are blu ray and DVD players, either cable or satellite television with high definition, smart phones with touch screens, high speed broadband, and cars that can tell someone when there veering onto a side lane. Next is a big difference which is how different children act whether it is to adults, each other, or in public.In the 1990’s most kids had parents who were physically able to play with them; kids were creative and found so many different games or activities to do’ they were respectful to whomever they came into contact with because they were raised well. Now when looking at most children they either are crying in public with their parents screaming at them, playing on their parents’ phone or tablet, prefer to stay in the house to play video games online, and most parents don’t play with their kids anymore because they are either too hung up on their laptop or too tired from being fat.Finally going back to the 90’s everyone felt safer or not worried about some kind of terrorist attack like people do now. Back then airports didn’t need so much security; people didn’t have to worry about a crazy person shoot up a movie theatre or mall. Now on weekends certain malls require teens under age 18 to be accompanied by an adult over the age of 21 because of gang violence over the years. These decades differences are very different, but are only a few contrasts between the two decades. The music and social era between these two decades is another difference.In the 90’s was an era that was mainly dominated by rock and booming hip hop music industry. This music was brought on to people with baggy or tight fitted clothing. People would walk around with their cassette players jamming out to their new favorite artist. Now in the 2000’s people mainly listen to their iPods or phones because it’s easiest to acquire music that way via wireless connection from the Internet. They also listen to rap or pop because everyone is about what’s mainstream and popular. People like to wear tighter and shorter fitting clothing now because that’s also what the popular fashion is.People in the 90’s communicated through telephone or just drove or walked to each other’s house to talk or do something. Now people rely on texting each other to find out where they are located and what they want to do rather than going to each other’s house, or calling because it’s not the same type of communication; a lot has changed. Technology and music has definitely made a huge impact on how people socialize and act. Overall I think the 90’s was a great era filled with a lot of memories and seeing a lot of changes happens.It was great being able to also grow up into the 2000’s because that was when technology really started to grow and so much was happening with the world. The advantages and disadvantages of growing up in each era are very different mainly because of all the changes, but a lot of them were good and some were bad. References The 1990’s. (2013). History of the 90’s. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1990s The 2000’s. (2012). Americas best history – U. S. Timeline 2000’s. Retrieved from http://americasbesthistory. com/abhtimeline2000. html

How to Curb Workplace Violence Between Nurses - 602 Words

Work Place Violence between Nurses There is a growing concern over the increase in violence between nurses in healthcare work place (Sofield Salmond, 2003). Henderson (2003) observes that violence between nurses jeopardizes the work environment, emotional and physical wellness of nurses as individuals and a team. The overall outcome of the workplace violence is undesirable with there being low levels of care to patient due to low morale to work. This paper gives recommendations to stop work place violence among nurses. Measures to stop work place violence between nurses Violence in healthcare institution compromises effective delivery of quality care to patients and violates integrity and work place ethics. There are necessary steps to take to stop violence between nurses and entrench the desirable work environment (French Morgan, 2002). The employers, supervisory staff and nurses have a role to play to ensure non-occurrence of violent action at work. Zero-tolerance policy against nurse to nurse violence should be religiously followed in order to ensure zero occurrence of violence. The policy should be communicated to all nurses in the hospital through workshops and training seminars on a regular basis. This will facilitate a deeper understanding to the nurses on the needs to maintain a non-violent work environment. The training will also enlighten the nurses on the manifestation of violent actions that should be avoided. Conflict resolution measures between nursesShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Transition From Student to Practicing R.N.2039 Words   |  9 Pagesnew graduate nurses career rarely begins easily, there seems to be a distinct disconnect between the fantasy of what it means to be a nurse and the reality of bedside nursing. Nursing school seems to feed into this disconnection, in that it does not prepare the new graduate registered nurse (NGRN) for their professional practice. 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